By
using geographic optimization modeling, a group of academics and clinicians in
Paris has created a new model that can accurately predict the optimal location
and number of automated external defibrillators (AED) necessary for a greater
rate of lives saved during cardiac arrest.
This
revolutionary approach utilizes a scientific and mathematically-backed process
of determining the optimal number of AEDs required in different urban areas.
Researchers conducted an analysis of all Paris hospital cardiac arrest
locations from 2009 to 2010 and evaluated how beneficial AEDs could have been
from varying distances ranging from 200 to 2000 meters.
The
researchers also extended the study to simulate scenarios in public venues such
as subway stations, post offices, pharmacies, and bike-sharing stations. Using
road network information and a geographic information system (GIS), they
calculated the median distance between out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs)
and potential AED locations.
According to the findings of the model, Paris alone requires 350 AEDs located
in public places in order to adequately prevent complete cardiac arrest in OHCA
situations.
Early
defibrillation and CPR are the only way to save victims who are suffering from
cardiac arrest, meaning that the availability of AEDs is critical. According to
findings, every minute of delay prior to defibrillation decreases survival by
10%.
As
this is quite a significant percentage, it is clear that the use of AEDs is
crucial. The incidence of OHCAs ranges from 50 to 100 out of 100,000 per year
in North America and Europe, making it a major public health issue.
Cardiac
arrest is primarily fatal. Previous research has shown that the availability
and proper use of AEDs can improve the rate of survival by 100%
Since the publication of the findings in Paris, other research communities in
the United States and the U.K. have begun similar methodical testing in
additional communities. These teams have come to the same conclusions regarding
the usefulness and practicality of the model and the absolute necessity of its
use in determining strategic locations for AEDs.
The
geographic optimization model could be adopted and put into practice in any
urban area. After taking specific demographic information into account, such as
population density, population movements, among others, the model can be
tailored to any environment.
The effectiveness of AEDs could be dramatically improved with the
implementation of this innovative distribution model. Policy-makers are concerned,
though, with the high expected cost of purchase (1,000 Euros) and maintenance
of so many AEDs, especially if laymen in the public do not employ them during
times of need.
In
order for this program to be successful, the public needs to be aware of how to
use and be unafraid to utilize the machines. First, however, potential rescuers
must know where they are located.
The
new approach should address both this and concerns regarding the
cost-effectiveness of deploying and maintaining so many of these devices.
Researchers
will continue to publicize and reaffirm the findings of their work, as this
could be the advancement required for reducing the number of fatalities due to
out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.
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